162. New York :,Communism and its demise. Real socialism. Decline and fall of socialism. The demise of communism in Central Europe. The collapse of the Soviet Union -- Shock therapy vs. gradualism. The radical reform program : a big bang. Gradual reform programs. Rent seeking : the scourge of transition. Criticism of radical reform after the Russian financial crash -- Output : slump and recovery. Sharp decline in recorded output and varied recovery. Exaggeration of the slump. Radical reform : least decline and early recovery. Late reformers : surged after 1998 -- Liberalization : the creation of a market economy. Different strategies of deregulation. Liberalization of foreign trade. Labor market policy. Combat of monopoly : gas and coal. A big bang : vital in deregulation -- From hyperinflation to financial stability. Establishing national currencies. Radical fiscal adjustment was key. Tax policy : from social democratic to liberal. Monetary policy : from loose to strict. Exchange rates : currency board or free float. Dramas of financial stabilization -- Privatization : the establishment of private property rights. Differing aims of privatization. Small-scale privatization : if started, swiftly done. Large-scale privatization : the biggest headache. Privatization of land, real estate, and housing. New enterprise development : the ultimate success. Great achievements of privatization. Vital : speed and legitimacy of property rights -- An inefficient social system. Incomes : differentiation and poverty. Life and health. Education adjusting to demand. Social transfers and pension reform. Alternative social models -- Democracy vs authoritarianism. Democratic breakthrough : critical for successful transformation. An under-reform trap. Renewed democratization : colored revolutions. Parties, electoral rules, and constitutions. How to tame the leviathan : reform of the communist state. Public opinion and ideology. Democracy and democracy aid -- From crime toward law. An explosion of crime. Attempts at building a legal system. Corruption : the bane of transition -- The role of oligarchs. Who are the oligarchs? The economics of oligarchy. The politics of oligarchy. Complaints : a matter of ideology. A question of property rights. Putin's alternative : centralized dictatorship -- The role of international assistance. The dream of Europe. Western failure to act in the East. Trade policy : a gulf between the EU and the CIS. International assistance : insufficient but crucial -- Conclusions : a world transformed. Different models. Achievements and r

پدیدآورنده :

کتابخانه: كتابخانه مجلس شوراي اسلامى (طهران)

168. The reign of Elizabeth I :

پدیدآورنده :

کتابخانه: کتابخانه مطالعات اسلامی به زبان های اروپایی (قم)

موضوع : Elizabeth, I,1533-1603,Elizabeth, I,1533-1603-- Relations with courts and courtiers,Élisabeth, Ire,1533-1603,Elisabeth (England, Königin, I.),Élisabeth, I,(1533-1603;-- Dernières années.,Elisabeth, I., 1533-1603,Elizabeth, I,1533-1603,Elizabeth, I,1533-1603.,Binnenlandse politiek.,Civilization.,Cour et courtisans-- Grande-Bretagne-- 1485-1603 (Tudors)-- Congrès.,Courts and courtiers.,Hofcultuur.,Kongress,Politik,Relations with courts and courtiers.,Great Britain, Civilization, 16th century, Congresses.,Great Britain, Court and courtiers, History, 16th century, Congresses.,Great Britain, History, Elizabeth, 1558-1603, Congresses.,Great Britain, History, Elizabeth I, 1558-1603, Congresses.,Grande-Bretagne, Civilisation, 16e siècle, Congrès.,Grande-Bretagne, Cour et courtisans, Histoire, 16e siècle, Congrès.,Grande-Bretagne, Histoire, 1558-1603 (Élisabeth Ire), Congrès.,Grande-Bretagne, 1558-1603 (Élisabeth I),Grande-Bretagne, Politique et gouvernement, 1558-1603.,Great Britain, Civilization, 16th century.,Great Britain, Court and courtiers, 16th century.,Great Britain, History, Elizabeth I, 1558-1603.,Great Britain., 0, 0, 0, 4, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7

رده :
DA355
.
R45
1995